Umnikelo oshushu we-Ic chip (Izixhobo ze-Electronic IC Semiconductor chip ) XAZU3EG-1SFVC784I

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inkqubo-kwi-chip(I-SoC)

Ainkqubo kwitshiphuokanyeinkqubo-kwi-chip(I-SoC) yiisekethe edibeneyoedibanisa uninzi okanye onke amalungu ekhompyuter okanye enyeinkqubo yombane.La macandelo phantse asoloko ebandakanya aiyunithi yokusebenza esembindini(ICPU),inkumbuloujongano, kwi-chipigalelo/imvelisoizixhobo,igalelo/imvelisoujongano, kunyeyokugcina yesibiniujongano, rhoqo ecaleni kwamanye amalungu afanaiimodem zerediyokunye aiyunithi yokusetyenzwa kwemizobo(GPU) – zonke zikwindawo enyeisubstrateokanye microchip.^[1]Isenokuqulathaidijithali,ianalogu,umqondiso oxutyiweyo, kwaye rhoqoamaza kanomathotholo ukusetyenzwa komqondisoimisebenzi (kungenjalo ithathwa njengeprosesa yesicelo kuphela).

Ii-SoCs ezisebenza ngokuphezulu zihlala zidityaniswe nememori ezinikeleyo neyahlukileyo ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nokugcinwa kwesibini (okunjeLPDDRkwayeeUFSokanyeeMMC, ngokulandelelanayo) iitshiphusi, ezinokuthi zibekwe ngaphezulu kwe-SoC kwinto eyaziwa njengeiphakheji kwiphakheji(PoP) uqwalaselo, okanye ibekwe kufutshane ne-SoC.Ukongeza, ii-SoCs zinokusebenzisa ii-wireless ezahlukeneyoiimodem.^[2]

Ii-SoCs zichasene nesiqhelomotherboard-esekelwePC ulwakhiwo, eyahlula amacandelo asekelwe kumsebenzi kwaye idibanisa ngebhodi yesekethe ephakathi.^{[nb 1]}Ngelixa i-motherboard izindlu kwaye idibanisa izinto ezinokususwa okanye ezinokuthathelwa indawo, ii-SoCs zidibanisa onke la macandelo kwisekethe enye edibeneyo.I-SoC iya kudibanisa i-CPU, imizobo kunye nenkumbulo,^{[nb 2]}ugcino lwesibini kunye noqhagamshelo lwe-USB,^[nb 3] Ufikelelo olungenamkhethekwayeFunda uqhubeleke iinkumbulokunye nokugcinwa kwesekondari kunye / okanye abalawuli babo kwisekethe enye bafa, ngelixa i-motherboard iya kudibanisa ezi modyuli njengeamacandelo ahlukeneyookanyeamakhadi okwandisa.

I-SoC idibanisa aumlawuli omncinci,microprocessorokanye mhlawumbi iicores ezininzi zeprosesa ezineeperipherals ezifana neGPU,Wi-Fikwayeinethiwekhi yeselulaiimodem zerediyo, kunye/okanye enye okanye ngaphezuluiicoprocessors.Ngokufana nendlela i-microcontroller edibanisa ngayo i-microprocessor kunye neesekethe ze-peripheral kunye nememori, i-SoC inokubonwa njengokudibanisa i-microcontroller kunye neyona ndlela iphambili.peripherals.Uphononongo lwamacandelo enkqubo yokudibanisa, bonaukudibanisa inkqubo.

Uyilo oludityanisiweyo lwenkqubo yekhompyuter luyaphucukaukusebenzakwaye unciphiseUkutya umbanenjengoUkufa kwesemiconductorindawo kunoyilo lweetshiphu ezininzi ezinomsebenzi olinganayo.Oku kuza kwiindleko zokuncitshiswaukutshintshwayamacandelo.Ngengcaciso, uyilo lwe-SoC ludityaniswe ngokupheleleyo okanye luphantse lwadityaniswa ngokupheleleyo kumacandelo ahlukeneyoiimodyuli.Ngenxa yezi zizathu, kuye kwakho umkhwa jikelele ekudityanisweni okungqongqo kwamacandelo kwiishishini lezixhobo zekhompyutha, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yempembelelo yee-SoCs kunye nezifundo ezifundwe kwiimarike zekhompyutha eziphathwayo kunye nezizinzisiweyo.Ii-SoCs zinokujongwa njengenxalenye yendlela enkulu eyaikhompyutha elungisiweyokwayeukukhawulezisa hardware.

Ii-SoCs zixhaphake kakhulu kwiikhompyutha ephathekayo(njengakuii-smartphoneskwayeiikhompyuter zethebhulethi) kunyeedge computingiimarike.^[3][4]Zikwasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiiinkqubo ezizinzisiweyonjengeerotha zeWiFi kunye neI-Intanethi yezinto.

Iintlobo

Ngokubanzi, kukho iintlobo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zee-SoCs:

• Ii-SoCs zakhiwe ngeenxa zonkeumlawuli omncinci,
• Ii-SoCs zakhiwe ngeenxa zonkemicroprocessor, efumaneka rhoqo kwiiselfowuni;
• Ezizodwaisicelo-specific isekethe edibeneyoIi-SoCs eziyilelwe usetyenziso oluthile olungangeniyo kwezi ndidi zimbini zingasentla.

izicelo[hlela]

Ii-SoCs zinokusetyenziswa kuwo nawuphi na umsebenzi wekhompyutha.Nangona kunjalo, zihlala zisetyenziswa kwikhompyuter ephathwayo enje ngeetafile, ii-smartphones, ii-smartwatches kunye netbooks ngokunjalo.iinkqubo ezizinzisiweyonakwizicelo apho ngaphambiliiimicrocontrolleriya kusetyenziswa.

Iinkqubo ezizinzisiweyo[hlela]

Apho ngaphambili kwakunokusetyenziswa kuphela ii-microcontroller, ii-SoCs zinyukela ekubeni zivelele kwimarike yeenkqubo ezizinzisiweyo.Ukuhlanganiswa kwenkqubo eqinile kunika ukuthembeka okungcono kwayekuthetha ixesha phakathi kokusilela, kunye nee-SoCs zibonelela ngokusebenza okuphezulu ngakumbi kunye namandla ekhompyuter kune-microcontrollers.^[5]Izicelo ziqukaUkukhawuleza kwe-AI, ifakweumbono womatshini,^[6] ukuqokelelwa kwedatha,telemetry,ukusetyenzwa kweVectorkwayeubukrelekrele ambient.Ii-SoCs ezizinziswa rhoqo zijolise kwiintanethi yezinto,i-intanethi yemveliso yezintokwayeedge computingiimarike.

Ikhompyuter yeselula[hlela]

Ikhompyuter yeselulaIi-SoCs ezisekwe zihlala ziqokelela iiprosesa, iinkumbulo, kwi-chipiindawo ezifihlakeleyo,inethiwekhi engenazingcingoizakhono kwaye rhoqoikhamera yamananihardware kunye ne-firmware.Ngokunyuka kobungakanani bememori, ii-SoCs eziphezulu zihlala zingenamemori kunye nokugcinwa kweflash kwaye endaweni yoko, imemori kunyeinkumbulo flashiya kubekwa kanye ecaleni kwe, okanye ngaphezulu (iphakheji kwiphakheji), iSoC.^[7]Eminye imizekelo yee-SoCs zekhompuyutha eziphathwayo ziquka:

• Samsung Electronics:uluhlu, ngokuqhelekileyo isekelwe kwiI-ARM
  • Exynos, esetyenziswa kakhulu ngabakwaSamsungGalaxyuluhlu lwee-smartphones
• Qualcomm:
  • Snapdragon(uluhlu), esetyenziswa kwizinto ezininziLG,Xiaomi,I-Pixel kaGoogle,HTCkunye nee-smartphones ze-Samsung Galaxy.Ngo-2018, ii-Snapdragon SoCs zisetyenziswa njengomqolo weiikhompyuter zelaptopukubalekaWindows 10, ithengiswe “njengeePC eziQhagamshelwe rhoqo”.^[8][9]