Umboniso omtsha we-LCD we-LCD oNtsha noQhaqayo obukhali LM61P101 LM64P101 LQ10D367 LQ10D368 INDAWO ENYE UTHENGE

1.Uyenza njani iwafa yekristale enye

Isinyathelo sokuqala kukuhlanjululwa kwe-metallurgical, okubandakanya ukongeza i-carbon kunye nokuguqula i-silicon oxide kwi-silicon ye-98% okanye ucoceko olungaphezulu usebenzisa i-redox.Uninzi lwesinyithi, olufana nentsimbi okanye ubhedu, lucokiswa ngale ndlela ukuze lufumane isinyithi esisulungekileyo ngokwaneleyo.Nangona kunjalo, i-98% ayikwanelanga ukwenza iitshiphu kwaye uphuculo olungakumbi luyafuneka.Ngoko ke, inkqubo ye-Siemens iya kusetyenziselwa ukuhlanjululwa ngakumbi ukufumana i-polysilicon ephezulu ecocekileyo efunekayo kwinkqubo ye-semiconductor.
Inyathelo elilandelayo kukutsala iikristale.Okokuqala, i-polysilicon ephezulu ecocekileyo efunyenwe ngaphambili iyanyibilika ukuze yenze i-silicon engamanzi.Emva koko, ikristale enye ye-silicon yembewu iziswa ukuba idibane nomphezulu wolwelo kwaye itsalwe kancinci phezulu ngelixa ijikeleza.Isizathu semfuno yembewu enye yekristale kukuba, kanye njengomntu okrobileyo, iiathom zesilicon kufuneka zidityaniswe ukuze abo baza emva kwazo bazi indlela yokumisa ngokuchanekileyo.Okokugqibela, xa iiathom zesilicon ziwushiyile umphezulu wolwelo kwaye ziqina, ikholamu enye yekristale ecwangciswe kakuhle igqityiwe.
Kodwa u-8" kunye no-12" bamele ntoni?Ubhekisela kububanzi bentsika esiyivelisayo, inxalenye ebonakala ngathi yintsinjana yepensile emva kokuba umphezulu ucociwe yaza yasikwa yaba ngamaqhekezana amancinci.Bubuphi ubunzima ekwenzeni amaqebengwana amakhulu?Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, inkqubo yokwenza ii-wafers ifana nokwenza i-marshmallows, ukusonta kunye nokubumba njengoko uhamba.Nabani na owenze i-marshmallows ngaphambili uya kukwazi ukuba kunzima kakhulu ukwenza i-marshmallows enkulu, eqinile, kwaye iyafana nenkqubo yokutsala i-wafer, apho isantya sokujikeleza kunye nokulawula ubushushu buchaphazela umgangatho we-wafer.Ngenxa yoko, ubukhulu besayizi, buphezulu isantya kunye neemfuno zobushushu, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima nangakumbi ukuvelisa i-wafer ekumgangatho ophezulu we-12" kune-8".

Ukuvelisa iwafer, isisiki sedayimani siye sisetyenziswe ukusika iwafer ngokuthe tye ibe ziwafers, ezithi ke zipolishwe ukwenza iiwafers ezifunekayo ekwenzeni itshiphu.Inyathelo elilandelayo kukupakishwa kwezindlu okanye ukwenziwa kweetshiphu.Uyenza njani itshiphu?
2. Emva kokuba yazisiwe ukuba zeziphi ii-silicon wafers, kukwacacile ukuba ukuvelisa iitshiphusi ze-IC kufana nokwakha indlu ngeebhloko ze-Lego, ngokuzipakisha umaleko phezu komaleko ukwenza ubume obufunayo.Nangona kunjalo, kukho amanyathelo ambalwa okwakha indlu, kwaye kuyafana nakwimveliso ye-IC.Ngawaphi amanyathelo abandakanyekayo ekwenzeni i-IC?Eli candelo lilandelayo lichaza inkqubo yokwenziwa kweetshiphu ze-IC.

Ngaphambi kokuba siqale, kufuneka siqonde ukuba yintoni i-IC chip - IC, okanye iSekethe eDityanisiweyo, njengoko ibizwa njalo, yimfumba yeesekethe eziyiliweyo ezidityaniswe ngendlela eqokelelweyo.Ngokwenza oku, sinokunciphisa inani lendawo efunekayo ukudibanisa iisekethe.Umzobo ongezantsi ubonisa umzobo we-3D wesekethe ye-IC, enokuthi ibonakale ibunjwe njengemiqadi kunye neentsika zendlu, zifakwe enye phezu komnye, yingakho i-IC yokuvelisa ifaniswa nokwakha indlu.

Ukusuka kwicandelo le-3D le-IC chip eboniswe ngasentla, inxalenye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezantsi sisisi esisicaba esifakwe kwicandelo langaphambili.Iindawo ezibomvu kunye nombala womhlaba kulapho i-IC yenziwa khona.

Okokuqala, inxalenye ebomvu inokuthelekiswa neholo yomgangatho ophantsi wesakhiwo eside.Indawo yokutyela ekumgangatho ophantsi lisango eliya kwisakhiwo, apho kufumaneka khona ukufikelela, kwaye kudla ngokusebenza ngakumbi ngokwemigaqo yokulawula izithuthi.Ngoko ke kunzima kakhulu ukwakha kuneminye imigangatho kwaye kufuna amanyathelo amaninzi.Kwisekethe ye-IC, le holo ngumaleko wesango le-logic, eyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo ye-IC yonke, idibanisa amasango ahlukeneyo e-logic ukudala i-chip ye-IC esebenza ngokupheleleyo.

Inxalenye emthubi ifana nomgangatho oqhelekileyo.Xa kuthelekiswa nomgangatho ophantsi, awunzima kakhulu kwaye awutshintshi kakhulu ukusuka kumgangatho ukuya kumgangatho.Injongo yalo mgangatho kukudibanisa amasango engqiqo kwicandelo elibomvu kunye.Isizathu semfuno yeeleya ezininzi kukuba kukho iisekethe ezininzi kakhulu ukuba zidityaniswe kunye kwaye ukuba umaleko omnye awukwazi ukwamkela zonke iisekethe, iileya ezininzi kufuneka zipakishwe ukufezekisa le njongo.Kule meko, iileyile ezahlukileyo zixhunyiwe phezulu naphantsi ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno zocingo.