Ngoku kaIshishini laseKorea, i-United States kunye ne-European Union zomeleza ukhuseleko lwazo lwezoqoqosho ngokuqulatha i-China.Ukuphendula, ezinye iingcali zithi iTshayina inokuchasana nezinto zayo ezinqabileyo zomhlaba (REEs).
Njengoko sonke sisazi, enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokuvelisa i-chip yimihlaba enqabileyo.Iiminerali ezinqabileyo zisasazwa ngokubanzi emhlabeni, kwaye ngenxa yobunzima bokunyibilikisa, ukwahlula kunye nokuhlanjululwa, kunye nenkqubo yokuphatha nayo ivelisa ukungcoliseka kokusingqongileyo kunye nezinye iingxaki, ngoko ke amazwe emveliso ayathintelwa kwaye ixabiso lokunqongophala likhulu.
Okwangoku, umhlaba onqabileyo usetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini asezantsi anje nge-semiconductors, ii-smartphones, iibhetri zeemoto zombane, iilaser, kunye neejethi zokulwa, kwaye ke zibizwa ngokuba "yivithamin yeshishini langoku".
Kwelinye icala, iTshayina inobutyebi bomhlaba obunqabileyo.Ngokutsho kwe-USGS, i-China yenza i-60% yemveliso ye-REE yehlabathi jikelele ngo-2021, ilandelwa yi-US (15.4%), iMyanmar (9.3%) kunye ne-Australia (7.9%).Ngaloo nyaka, i-US ngoyena mthengi mkhulu wehlabathi wee-REEs.
Izixhobo zaseTshayina ze-REE zaqala ukukhawulezisa ngoMeyi ka-2019, xa imfazwe yorhwebo yase-US-China yafikelela incopho yayo.Kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, yakha iChina Rare Earth Groupngokudibanisa amashishini amathathu karhulumente kunye namaziko amabini karhulumente ophando.Eli qela ngoku libalelwa ngaphezulu kwe 70% yemveliso yomhlaba enqabileyo yase China.I-China iye yabonisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba kunokwenzeka ulawulo lokuthumela ngaphandle komhlaba, kunye neendlela ezichasayo ezivela e-US kunye ne-EU zihlala zingonelanga.Oku kungenxa yokuba ezi zinto zinqabile kakhulu kwaye imveliso yazo inokonakalisa okusingqongileyo.
Enyanisweni, urhulumente waseTshayina uye wanqanda ukuthunyelwa kwempahla eJapan ngexesha leengxabano zeZiqithi zeDiaoyu ngo-2010. Nangona iJapan izama ukuguqula imithombo yokubonelela ngempahla, ukuxhomekeka kwayo kwizinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezithengiswayo kusekho i-100%, kunye nokuthengwa kwempahla evela eChina kubalwa ngaphezu kwe-60. I-% yezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zaseJapan.
Kwelinye icala, itekhnoloji enqabileyo yokusulungekiswa komhlaba i-China enayo nayo ikhokela ihlabathi.Ngaphambili, amajelo eendaba achaza ukuba "uyise wemihlaba enqabileyo yaseTshayina" uXu Guangxian uye waphakamisa itekhnoloji enqabileyo yaseTshayina yokusulungekisa umhlaba ukuya kwinqanaba lokuqala lehlabathi, kwaye kuya kuthatha iminyaka eyi-8-15 ukuba iUnited States ifumane itekhnoloji yethu. !
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba eTshayinaizithintelo zomhlaba ezinqabileyoayizomithombo kuphela, kodwa iquka iteknoloji yaseChina yokucoca umhlaba onqabileyo kunye neteknoloji enqabileyo yokwahlukana komhlaba enokufikelela kwi-99.999%.Le yindima ebaluleke kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye yingxaki yetekhnoloji "yentamo" ye-United States namhlanje.
Ngamafutshane, imihlaba enqabileyo inokugqalwa njengobutyebi bobuchule belizwe.Ngeli xesha, i-China izimisele ukusebenzisa izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ukulwa nokuhlaselwa, okunokuthi kubethelwe ngokuchanekileyo "ii-intshi ezisixhenxe" zase-United States.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-24-2023