Indawo yeshishini le-semiconductor yehlabathi kunye neendlela zokuzivelela.

Iqela le-Yole kunye ne-ATREG namhlanje baphonononga ubutyebi beshishini le-semiconductor yehlabathi ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kwaye baxoxe ngendlela abadlali abaphambili ekufuneka betyale ngayo ukuze bakhusele ikhonkco labo lokubonelela kunye nomthamo we-chip.

Iminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo ibone utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwishishini lokwenziwa kweetshiphu, njenge-Intel iphulukene nesithsaba kubakhuphiswano ababini abatsha, i-Samsung kunye ne-TSMC.Umhlalutyi oyiNgqungquthela yezobuntlola uPierre Cambou ube nethuba lokuxoxa ngemeko ekhoyo ngoku yembonakalo yoshishino lwe-semiconductor yehlabathi kunye nokuvela kwayo.

Kwingxoxo ebanzi, bagubungele imakethi kunye nethemba lokukhula kwayo, kunye ne-ecosystem yehlabathi kunye nendlela iinkampani ezinokwandisa ngayo ubonelelo.Uhlalutyo lotyalo-mali lwamva nje kushishino kunye nezicwangciso zabadlali abakhokelayo kwishishini ziphawuliwe, kunye nengxoxo malunga nendlela iinkampani ze-semiconductor zomeleza ngayo ikhonkco lokubonelela ngehlabathi.

Utyalo-mali lweHlabathi

Iyonke imakethi ye-semiconductor yehlabathi ikhula ukusuka kwixabiso le-US$850 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2021 ukuya kwi-913 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2022.

I-United States igcina i-41% yesabelo semarike;

I-Taiwan, i-China ikhula ukusuka kwi-15% ngo-2021 ukuya kwi-17% ngo-2022;

UMzantsi Korea wehla ukusuka kwi-17% ngo-2021 ukuya kwi-13% ngo-2022;

IJapan kunye neYurophu zihlala zingatshintshi - i-11% kunye ne-9%, ngokulandelanayo;

I-Mainland China inyuke ukusuka kwi-4% ngo-2021 ukuya kwi-5% ngo-2022.

Imakethi yezixhobo ze-semiconductor ikhula ukusuka kwi-555 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2021 ukuya kwi-573 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2022.
Isabelo semarike yase-US sikhula ukusuka kwi-51% kwi-2021 ukuya kwi-53% kwi-2022;

I-South Korea iyancipha ukusuka kwi-22% ngo-2021 ukuya kwi-18% ngo-2022;

Isabelo semalike yaseJapan sinyuke ukusuka kwi-8% ngo-2021 ukuya kwi-9% ngo-2022;

I-Mainland China inyuke ukusuka kwi-5% ngo-2021 ukuya kwi-6% ngo-2022;

I-Taiwan kunye neYurophu zihlala zingatshintshi kwi-5% kunye ne-9% ngokulandelanayo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukukhula kwesabelo semarike yeenkampani zezixhobo ze-semiconductor zase-US kuncipha kancinci kancinci, ixabiso elongeziweyo lehla ukuya kutsho kuma-32% ngo-2022. Ngeli xesha, ilizwe laseTshayina limisele izicwangciso zokukhula ezixabisa i-US$143 yebhiliyoni ngo-2025.

US kunye EU CHIPS Act

Umthetho weChip kunye neSayensi wase-US, ophunyezwe ngo-Agasti ka-2022, uya kubonelela ngeebhiliyoni ezingama-53 zeedola ngokukodwa kwii-semiconductors ukunyusa uphando lwasekhaya kunye nokuveliswa.

Owona mthetho wakutsha nje weEuropean Union (EU) CHIPS Act, uvotelwe ngoAprili ka-2023, ubonelela ngenkxaso-mali eyi-$47 yebhiliyoni, edityaniswa nesabelo sase-US, inokubonelela ngenkqubo ye-100 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ze-transatlantic, 53/47% US/EU.

Kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo, abenzi beetshiphu kwihlabathi jikelele bebesenza izibhengezo zotyalo-mali olurekhodiweyo ukutsala inkxaso-mali ye-CHIPS Act.Ngokwentelekiso inkampani entsha yaseMelika iWolfspeed ibhengeze utyalo-mali oluzibhiliyoni ezi-5 zeerandi kwisityalo sayo se-silicon carbide (SiC) esiyi-200mm entliziyweni yaseMassinami kufutshane ne-Utica, eNew York, eqala imveliso ngo-Epreli ka-2022. Intel, TSMC, IBM, Samsung, Micron Technology kunye neTexas Izixhobo zikwaqalise oko i-ATREG ikuchaza njengokwandiswa kwefab enobundlobongela kumzamo wokufumana isiqwenga sephayi yenkxaso-mali yetshiphu yase-US.

Iinkampani zase-US zenza i-60% yotyalo-mali lwelizwe kwii-semiconductors.
Utyalo-mali oluthe ngqo lwangaphandle (DFI) lubalela abanye, utshilo uPierre Kambou, umhlalutyi oyintloko kwiYole Intelligence.I-TSMC yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ezingama-40 kutyalo-mali kulwakhiwo lwe-fab e-Arizona yenye yezona zibalulekileyo, ilandelwa yi-Samsung (i-25 yeebhiliyoni zeedola), i-SK Hynix (i-15 yeebhiliyoni zeedola), i-NXP (i-2.6 yeebhiliyoni zeedola), i-Bosch (i-1.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola) kunye ne-X-Fab (i-200 yezigidi zeedola) .

URhulumente wase-US akazimiselanga kuxhasa ngemali yonke iprojekthi, kodwa uya kubonelela ngenkxaso-mali elingana ne-5% ukuya kwi-15% yenkcitho yeprojekthi yeprojekthi yenkampani, kunye nenkxaso-mali ekulindeleke ukuba idlule kwi-35% yeendleko.Iinkampani zinokufaka isicelo sekhredithi yerhafu ukubuyisela i-25% yeendleko zokwakha zeprojekthi.Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, amazwe angama-20 ase-US azinikele ngaphezulu kwe-210 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kutyalo-mali lwabucala ukusukela oko kwasayinwa uMthetho we-CHIPS ukuba ube ngumthetho,” utshilo uRothrock."Ikhwelo lokuqala lenkxaso-mali yesicelo se-CHIPS Act livula ekupheleni kukaFebruwari ka-2023 kwiiprojekthi zokwakha, ukwandisa okanye ukuphucula izibonelelo zorhwebo ukuze kuveliswe i-semiconductors ehamba phambili, isizukulwana sangoku kunye ne-node-node evuthiweyo, kuquka i-front-end-end-wafer. imveliso kunye nezityalo zokupakisha ngasemva."

"Kwi-EU, i-Intel iceba ukwakha i-20 yeebhiliyoni zeedola eMagdeburg, eJamani, kunye ne-5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zokupakisha kunye neziko lokuvavanya ePoland. Intsebenziswano phakathi kwe-STMicroelectronics kunye ne-GlobalFoundries iya kubona kwakhona i-7 yeebhiliyoni zokutyalomali kwi-fab entsha eFransi. Ukongeza, i-TSMC, iBosch, i-NXP kunye ne-Infineon zixoxa ngentsebenziswano ye-11 yeebhiliyoni zeedola.ICambou yongeza.

I-IDM ikwatyala imali eYurophu kwaye i-Infineon Technologies isungule iprojekthi ye-5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola eDresden, eJamani."Iinkampani ze-EU zenza i-15% yotyalo-mali olubhengeziweyo ngaphakathi kwe-EU. I-DFI ibala i-85%," kusho uCambou.

Xa siqwalasela izibhengezo ezivela eMzantsi Korea naseTaiwan, uCambou wagqiba ekubeni i-US iya kufumana i-26% yotyalo-mali olupheleleyo lwe-semiconductor yehlabathi kunye ne-EU 8%, ephawula ukuba oku kuvumela i-US ukuba ilawule i-chain chain yayo, kodwa iyawa phantsi kwithagethi ye-EU. yokulawula i-20% yomthamo wehlabathi ngo-2030.