Zingaphi iitshiphusi ezisemotweni?

Zingaphi iitshiphusi ezisemotweni?Okanye, zingaphi iitshiphusi ezifunwa yimoto?

Ukunyaniseka, kunzima ukuphendula.Kuba kuxhomekeke kuyilo lwemoto ngokwayo.Imoto nganye idinga inani elahlukileyo leetshiphusi, nje ezimbalwa ukuya kumakhulu, kangangamawaka okanye amawaka eetshipsi.Ngophuhliso lwengqondo yemoto, iintlobo zeetshiphusi ziye zanyuka ukusuka kwi-40 ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-150.

Iitshiphusi zeemoto, njengobuchopho bomntu, zinokuhlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintlanu ngomsebenzi: ikhompyuter, imbono, ukubulawa, ukunxibelelana, ukugcinwa kunye nokubonelela ngamandla.

Ulwahlulo olongezelelweyo, lunokwahlulwa lube yi-chip yokulawula, i-computing chip, i-sensing chip, i-chip yonxibelelwano,imemori chip, itshiphu yokhuseleko, itshiphu yamandla,itshiphu yomqhubi, itshiphu yolawulo lwamandla alithoba iindidi.

Itshiphu yeemoto iindidi ezilithoba:

1. Itshiphu yokulawula:MCU, SOC

Inyathelo lokuqala lokuqonda i-automotive electronics kukuqonda iyunithi yolawulo lombane.I-ECU inokuthiwa yikhompyutheni edibeneyo elawula iinkqubo ezinkulu zemoto.Phakathi kwabo, i-MCU ekwibhodi ingabizwa ngokuba yi-computing brain ye-ECU yemoto, ejongene nokubala kunye nokucubungula ulwazi olwahlukeneyo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-ECU emotweni inoxanduva lomsebenzi ohlukeneyo, oxhotyiswe nge-MCU, ngokwe-Deppon Securities.Kusenokubakho iimeko apho i-ECU enye ixhotyiswe ngee-MCUS ezimbini.

I-MCUS i-akhawunti malunga ne-30% yenani lezixhobo ze-semiconductor ezisetyenziswa kwimoto, kwaye ubuncinane i-70 iyafuneka ngemoto nganye.yena ngaphezulu kwe-MCU chip.

2. I-Computing chip: CPU, GPU

I-CPU ihlala iziko lolawulo kwi-chip ye-SoC.Inzuzo yayo ilele ekucwangciseni, ekulawuleni nakwisakhono sokulungelelanisa.Nangona kunjalo, i-CPU ineeyunithi ezimbalwa zekhompyutha kwaye ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nenani elikhulu lemisebenzi elula ehambelanayo yekhompyutha.Ke ngoko, i-chip ye-SoC yokuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo ihlala ifuna ukudibanisa i-Xpus enye okanye ngaphezulu ukongeza kwi-CPU ukugqiba ukubala kwe-AI.

3. Itshiphu yamandla: IGBT, isilicon carbide, amandla eMOSFET

I-semiconductor yamandla ngundoqo wokuguqulwa kwamandla ombane kunye nolawulo lwesekethe kwizixhobo zombane, ezisetyenziselwa ukutshintsha amandla ombane kunye nokuphindaphinda kwizixhobo zombane, ukuguqulwa kwe-DC kunye ne-AC.

Ukuthatha amandla e-MOSFET njengomzekelo, ngokweenkcukacha, kwizithuthi zamafutha emveli, isixa se-MOSFET esine-voltage ephantsi ngesithuthi ngasinye simalunga ne-100. Kwiimoto zamandla amatsha, ukusetyenziswa komndilili we-voltage ephakathi kunye nephezulu ye-MOSFET ngemoto nganye iye yanda ukuya ngaphezulu. ngaphezu kwama-200. Kwixesha elizayo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-MOSFET ngemoto nganye ephakathi kunye neemodeli eziphezulu kulindeleke ukuba kunyuke ukuya kuma-400.

4. I-chip yonxibelelwano: i-cellular, i-WLAN, i-LIN, i-V2X ngqo, i-UWB, i-CAN, i-satellite positioning, i-NFC, i-Bluetooth, i-ETC, i-Ethernet kunye nokunye;

I-chip yonxibelelwano inokwahlulwa ibe lunxibelelwano lweengcingo kunye nonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo.

Unxibelelwano lweengcingo lusetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuhanjiswa kwedatha phakathi kwezixhobo ezisemotweni.

Unxibelelwano olungenazingcingo lunokuqonda unxibelelwano phakathi kwemoto kunye nemoto, imoto kunye nabantu, imoto kunye nezixhobo, imoto kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Phakathi kwabo, inani lee-transceivers ze-can likhulu, ngokweenkcukacha zoshishino, i-CAN / LIN yesicelo se-transceiver yemoto ubuncinane ubuncinane be-70-80, kwaye ezinye iimoto zokusebenza zinokufikelela ngaphezu kwe-100, okanye nangaphezulu kwe-200.

5. I-Memory chip: i-DRAM, NOR FLASH, EEPROM, SRAM, NAND FLASH

I-memory chip yemoto isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukugcina iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo kunye nedatha yemoto.

Ngokwesigwebo senkampani ye-semiconductor eMzantsi Korea kwimfuno ye-DRAM yeemoto zokuqhuba ezikrelekrele, imoto iqikelelwa ukuba ineyona mfuno iphezulu ye-DRAM/NAND Flash ukuya kuthi ga kwi-151GB/2TB, ngokulandelelanayo, kunye neklasi yokubonisa kunye ne-ADAS yokuzimela. inkqubo yokuqhuba babe ukusetyenziswa enkulu chips memory.

6. Amandla / i-analog chip: i-SBC, i-analog front end, i-DC/DC, i-digital isolation, i-DC/AC

I-chip ye-analog yibhulorho edibanisa ihlabathi lokwenyani elibonakalayo kunye nehlabathi ledijithali, ngokukodwa libhekisela kwisiphaluka se-analog esakhiwe ngokuchasa, i-capacitor, i-transistor, njl. .) Isiphaluka esidibeneyo.

Ngokwezibalo ze-Oppenheimer, i-analog circuits i-akhawunti ye-29% yee-chips zemoto, apho i-53% i-core chain cores kunye ne-47% yi-chips zokulawula amandla.

7. Itshiphu yomqhubi: umqhubi wecala eliphezulu, umqhubi wecala eliphantsi, i-LED / umboniso, inqanaba lomqhubi wesango, ibhulorho, abanye abaqhubi, njl.

Kwinkqubo ye-elektroniki yeemoto, kukho iindlela ezimbini ezisisiseko zokuqhuba umthwalo: i-low side drive kunye ne-high side drive.

Iidrive ezikwicala eliphezulu ziqhele ukusetyenziselwa izihlalo, izibane, kunye neefeni.

Iidrive ezisezantsi zisetyenziselwa iimotor, izifudumezi, njl.

Ukuthatha isithuthi esizimeleyo e-United States njengomzekelo, kuphela isilawuli somzimba wangaphambili silungiselelwe kunye neetshiphusi zomqhubi we-21 eziphezulu, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwesithuthi kudlula i-35.

8. I-Sensor chip: i-ultrasonic, umfanekiso, ilizwi, i-laser, i-inertial navigation, i-millimeter wave, iminwe yeminwe, i-infrared, i-voltage, ubushushu, okwangoku, ukufuma, indawo, uxinzelelo.

Iinzwa zemoto zinokwahlulwa zibe ziingcinga zomzimba kunye nezinzwa zokusingqongileyo.

Ekusebenzeni kwemoto, inzwa yemoto inokuqokelela isimo somzimba (njengobushushu, uxinzelelo, isikhundla, isantya, njl.njl.) kunye nolwazi lokusingqongileyo, kunye nokuguqula ulwazi oluqokelelweyo lube yimiqondiso yombane ukuze idluliselwe kwiyunithi yokulawula ephakathi. imoto.

Ngokutsho kwedatha, inqanaba lokuqhuba elihlakaniphile 2 imoto kulindeleke ukuba ithwale i-sensor ezintandathu, kwaye imoto ye-L5 kulindeleke ukuba ithwale i-32 sensors.

9. Itshiphu yokhuseleko: T-Box/V2X itshiphu yokhuseleko, i-eSIM/eSAM yokhuseleko chip

I-chip yokhuseleko lwe-Automotive luhlobo lwesekethe edibeneyo kunye ne-cryptographic algorithm yangaphakathi kunye noyilo oluchasene nokuhlaselwa ngokomzimba.

Namhlanje, ngophuhliso oluthe ngcembe lweemoto ezikrelekrele, inani lezixhobo zombane kwimoto liya kwanda ngokuqinisekileyo, kwaye liqhutywa kukukhula kwenani leetshiphusi.

Ngokweenkcukacha ezinikezelwe nguMbutho waseTshayina wabavelisi beemoto, inani leetshiphusi zeemoto ezifunekayo kwizithuthi zamafutha emveli yi-600-700, inani leetshiphusi zeemoto ezifunekayo kwizithuthi zombane liya kwanda ukuya kwi-1600 / isithuthi, kunye nemfuno yeetshiphusi zemoto. Izithuthi ezikrelekrele eziphucukileyo kulindeleke ukuba zinyuke ziye kuma-3000 / isithuthi.

Kunokuthiwa imoto yanamhlanje ifana nekhompyutha enkulu kwi-wheels.