Ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, iinkqubo zokuhambisa amandla (ezidla ngokubizwa ngokuba ziigridi) bezingowona mthombo uphambili wombane ehlabathini.Xa ezi gridi zenziwe, zisebenza ngokulula kakhulu - zivelisa umbane kwaye ziwuthumele ezindlini, kwizakhiwo, naphi na apho kukho imfuneko yombane.
Kodwa njengoko imfuno yombane isanda, igridi esebenzayo ngakumbi iyafuneka.Iinkqubo zanamhlanje zokuhambisa amandla "igridi ehlakaniphileyo" ngoku esetyenziswa kwihlabathi liphela zixhomekeke kubuchwephesha bezinga eliphezulu ukukhulisa ukusebenza kakuhle.Eli phepha liphonononga inkcazo yegridi ehlakaniphile kunye neeteknoloji eziphambili ezenza ukuba zihlakaniphile.
Yintoni iiteknoloji yegridi ehlakaniphile?
Igridi ehlakaniphile isiseko sokuhambisa amandla esibonelela ngeendlela ezimbini zonxibelelwano phakathi kwababoneleli bezinto eziluncedo kunye nabathengi.Ubuchwephesha beDijithali obuvumela ubuchwephesha begridi ehlakaniphile bubandakanya amandla / iinzwa zangoku, izixhobo zokulawula, amaziko edatha kunye neemitha ezihlakaniphile.
Ezinye iigridi ezikrelekrele zikrelekrele kunezinye.Amazwe amaninzi agxininise umzamo omkhulu ekuguquleni iigridi zokusasaza eziphelelwe lixesha kwiigridi ezihlakaniphile, kodwa ukuguqulwa kuyinkimbinkimbi kwaye kuya kuthatha iminyaka okanye amashumi eminyaka.
Imizekelo yetekhnoloji yegridi ehlakaniphile kunye namacandelo egridi ahlakaniphile
Iimitha ze-Smart - Iimitha ze-Smart linyathelo lokuqala ekwakheni igridi ehlakaniphile.Iimitha ze-Smart zibonelela ngedatha yokusetyenziswa kwamandla kubathengi kunye nabavelisi abaluncedo.Banikezela ngokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nolwazi lweendleko zokulumkisa abasebenzisi ukunciphisa inkunkuma yamandla kunye nokunceda ababoneleli baphucule imithwalo yokuhambisa kuyo yonke igridi.Iimitha ze-Smart ngokubanzi zibandakanya ii-subsystems ezintathu eziphambili: inkqubo yamandla yokulinganisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, i-microcontroller yokulawula iteknoloji ngaphakathi kwemitha ehlakaniphile, kunye nenkqubo yonxibelelwano yokuthumela kunye nokufumana ukusetyenziswa kwamandla / ukuyalela idatha.Ukongezelela, ezinye iimitha ezihlakaniphile zinokuba namandla okugcina (xa umgca wokusabalalisa oyintloko uphantsi) kunye neemodyuli ze-GSM ukukhomba indawo yomitha ngeenjongo zokhuseleko.
Utyalo-mali lwehlabathi kwiimitha ezihlakaniphile luphindeke kabini kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo.Ngo-2014, utyalo-mali lwehlabathi lonyaka kwiimitha ezihlakaniphile zaziyi-11 yezigidi zeedola.Ngokutsho kwe-Statista, utyalo-mali lweemitha ezihlakaniphile zehlabathi lufikelela kwi-21 yezigidi zeedola ngo-2019, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iinzuzo zenkqubo esebenzayo ekuphumezeni iimitha ezihlakaniphile.
Ukutshintsha kokulawula umthwalo we-Smart kunye nokusabalalisa iibhodi zokuhambisa - Nangona iimitha ezihlakaniphile zinokubonelela ngedatha yexesha langempela kubaboneleli bezinto eziluncedo, azilawuli ngokuzenzekelayo ukuhanjiswa kwamandla.Ukwandisa usasazo lwamandla ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwencopho okanye kwiindawo ezithile, izixhobo zombane zisebenzisa izixhobo zolawulo lwamandla ezifana nokutshintsha komthwalo okrelekrele kunye neebhodi zokutshintsha.Le teknoloji igcina izixa ezibalulekileyo zamandla ngokunciphisa ukusabalalisa okungafunekiyo okanye ukulawula ngokuzenzekelayo imithwalo egqithise ixesha elivumelekileyo lokusetyenziswa.Ukwandisa usasazo lwamandla ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwencopho okanye kwiindawo ezithile, izixhobo zombane zisebenzisa izixhobo zolawulo lwamandla ezifana nokutshintsha komthwalo okrelekrele kunye neebhodi zokutshintsha.Le teknoloji igcina izixa ezibalulekileyo zamandla ngokunciphisa ukusabalalisa okungafunekiyo okanye ukulawula ngokuzenzekelayo imithwalo egqithise ixesha elivumelekileyo lokusetyenziswa.
Ngokomzekelo, isixeko saseWadsworth, eOhio, sisebenzisa inkqubo yokuhambisa umbane eyakhiwa ngowe-1916.Iiswitshi zoLawulo loMlayisho oSmart(SLCS), ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kombane wenkqubo ngeeyure ezingama-5,300 zeemegawathi ngokufakela i-SLCS ezindlini ukuze kujikelezwe iicompressor zomoya womoya ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kombane.I-Automation System Power - I-automation ye-automation system inikwe amandla yi-teknoloji yegridi ehlakaniphile, usebenzisa i-IT ye-state-of-the-art i-IT yokulawula yonke ikhonkco kwikhonkco lokusabalalisa.Ngokomzekelo, iisistim zamandla ezizisebenzelayo zisebenzisa iinkqubo zokuqokelela idatha ezikrelekrele (ezifana nezo zeemitha ezihlakaniphile), iinkqubo zolawulo lwamandla (ezifana nokutshintsha komthwalo ohlakaniphileyo), izixhobo zokuhlalutya, iinkqubo zekhompyutha, kunye ne-algorithms yenkqubo yamandla.Udibaniso lwala macandelo abalulekileyo luvumela igridi (okanye iigridi ezininzi) ukuba zilungelelanise ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye zizenzele ngokwazo ngonxibelelwano olulinganiselweyo lwabantu olufunekayo.
Ukuphunyezwa kwe-Smart Grid
Xa idijithali, unxibelelwano lweendlela ezimbini kunye nobuchwepheshe obuzenzekelayo buphunyezwa kwigridi ehlakaniphile, inani leenguqu zeziseko ezingundoqo liya kwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwegridi.Ukuphunyezwa kweSmart Grid kwenze ukuba olu tshintsho lulandelayo lube lula:
1.Ukuveliswa kwamandla okunatyisiweyo
Ngenxa yokuba igridi ehlakaniphile inokuqhubeka nokubeka iliso kwaye ilawule ukuhanjiswa kwamandla, akusekho mfuneko yeplanti enye enkulu yokuvelisa umbane.Endaweni yoko, umbane unokuveliswa zizikhululo zamandla ezininzi ezinabileyo, ezinje ngee-injini zomoya, iifama zelanga, iiphaneli zelanga ze-photovoltaic zokuhlala, amadama amancinci ombane wamanzi, njl.
2.Iimarike eziqhekezayo
Iziseko ezingundoqo zegridi zikwaxhasa ukudityaniswa kweegridi ezininzi njengendlela yokwabelana ngobulumko ngamandla kuzo zonke iinkqubo zesiqhelo ezibekwe embindini.Umzekelo, kwixesha elidlulileyo, oomasipala babenezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso ezazingadityaniswanga noomasipala abangabamelwane.Ngokuphunyezwa kweziseko ezingundoqo zegridi, oomasipala banokufaka isandla kwisicwangciso semveliso ekwabelwanayo ngayo ukuze kupheliswe ukuxhomekeka kwimveliso xa umbane ucima.
3.Usasazo olukwizinga eliphantsi
Enye yezona zinto zichithwa ngamandla kwigridi kukusasazwa kwamandla kumgama omde.Ukuthathela ingqalelo into yokuba iigridi ezihlakaniphile zinikezela ngemveliso kunye neemarike, umgama wokuhanjiswa kwenetha ngaphakathi kwegridi ehlakaniphile uncitshiswe kakhulu, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa inkunkuma yokusasazwa.Khawufane ucinge, umzekelo, ifama encinci yasekuhlaleni evelisa amandla elanga eyenza i-100% leemfuno zombane zoluntu emini, kumgama nje oyikhilomitha enye.Ngaphandle kwefama yendawo yelanga, uluntu lunokufuna ukufumana umbane kwiziko lombane elikhulu kumgama oziikhilomitha ezili-100.Ilahleko yamandla eqatshelweyo ngexesha lothumelo olusuka kwimizi-mveliso yamandla ekude inokuba nkulu ngokuphindwe kalikhulu kunelahleko yothumelo ebonwe kwiifama zelanga zasekhaya.
4.Ukuhanjiswa kweendlela ezimbini
Kwimeko yeefama zelanga zendawo, kunokubakho imeko apho ifama yelanga inokuvelisa amandla amaninzi kunokuba uluntu ludla, ngaloo ndlela ludala i-surplus yamandla.La mandla agqithisileyo anokuthi emva koko asasazwe kwigridi ehlakaniphile, enceda ekunciphiseni imfuno evela kwizityalo zamandla ezikude.
Kule meko, amandla ahamba ukusuka kwifama yelanga ukuya kwigridi engundoqo engekho yoluntu ngexesha lemini, kodwa xa ifama yelanga ingasebenzi, amandla aphuma kwigridi engundoqo ukuya kuloo ndawo.Oku kuhamba kwamandla e-bi-directional kunokubekwa esweni kwaye kuphuculwe ngama-algorithms okuhambisa amandla ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubuncinci bamandla buchithwa nangaliphi na ixesha ngexesha lokusetyenziswa.
5.Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabasebenzisi
Kwisiseko segridi esilumkileyo esinokuhanjiswa kwe-bi-directional kunye nemida yegridi enikezelweyo, abasebenzisi bayakwazi ukusebenza njenge-micro-generator.Ngokomzekelo, amakhaya ngabanye angakwazi ukuxhotyiswa nge-stand-alone photovoltaic solar systems eyenza umbane xa usetyenziswa.Ukuba inkqubo ye-PV yokuhlala ivelisa amandla angaphezulu, la mandla anokuhanjiswa kwigridi enkulu, enciphisa ngakumbi imfuno yezityalo ezinkulu zamandla aphakathi.
Ukubaluleka kweSmart Grid
Kwinqanaba le-macroeconomic, iigridi ezihlakaniphile zibalulekile ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kombane.Ababoneleli abaninzi bendawo kunye noorhulumente banikezela ngamanyathelo anesisa kunye nobundlobongela ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ekwamkelweni kweegridi ezihlakaniphile ngenxa yokuba luncedo ngokwemali kunye nokusingqongileyo.Ngokwamkela igridi ehlakaniphile, ukuveliswa kwamandla kunokwabiwa, ngaloo ndlela kupheliswe umngcipheko wokucima umbane, ukunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza kwenkqubo yamandla, kunye nokuphelisa ukuchithwa kwamandla okungeyomfuneko.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-15-2023