Iimpawu zeMveliso

Omnye ukugembula okukhulu kwi-chip giant

I-Intel ayizange ibonakale ngathi ayinaso isibindi sokuphula umqolo wayo.

Ukuba ujika izandla zexesha ubuyele kwi-1985, uya kufumanisa ukuba i-Intel yenza isigqibo esifanayo namhlanje njengoko yenzayo ngoko-ukuphuma kwimarike yokugcina.

Kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu anesixhenxe eyadlulayo, yayisisigqibo sokuphuma kwimakethi yokugcina ekhokelele kwisikhundla esiphambili se-Intel kwicandelo le-microprocessor.Ke iminyaka engama-37 kamva, leliphi ikamva eliya kuziswa sisigqibo esifanayo kwi-Intel?

Ukulahla ukugcinwa ukuze kuthathe indawo ephezulu ye-CPU

Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini okanye amathathu edlulileyo, i-Intel yayinolawulo olupheleleyo kwibala le-microprocessors yekhompyuter, yakha yahlala ngaphezulu kwe-80% yesabelo semarike yehlabathi yekhompyuter yobuqu kunye ne-server chips, kwaye intsimi ye-CPU yayiqaqambe kangangokuba abantu bakhe balibala ukuba i-Intel. ekuqaleni yayingumvelisi we-semiconductor yokugcina, inkampani yokuqala yehlabathi ukwenza i-DRAM.

Yasekwa ngo-1968, imveliso yokuqala ye-Intel yayiyi-bipolar processing 64-bit memory chip, codenamed 3101, eyalandelwa ngumthamo wokuqala ophezulu (i-256-bit) imemori ye-metal oxide semiconductor, i-1101, kunye nememori yokuqala eguquguqukayo enomthamo. ye-1KB, 1103. “1103″.Ngexabiso eliphezulu kakhulu / umlinganiselo wokusebenza, iimveliso zokugcina ze-Intel zazinqongophele, kwaye kude kube sekuqaleni kwee-1980, i-Intel yayiyintshatsheli kwintsimi ye-DRAM.

Nangona kunjalo, yayikukuqala kwemfazwe yexabiso laseJapan eyathi yatsala i-Intel kwisihlalo sokugcina semiconductor.

Ngo-1976, ekhokelwa nguMphathiswa wezoRhwebo kunye noShishino lwaseJapan (MITI), kunye neHitachi, iMitsubishi, iFujitsu, iToshiba, kunye ne-NEC njengomqolo weenkampani ezinkulu ezintlanu, iSebe lezoRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe kunye noShishino lweLebhu yeTekhnoloji yoMbane (EIL), iJapan Industrial Technology Research Institute (JITRI) Electronics Research Institute kunye neZiko leComputer Science and Technology, yenze “i-VLSI Joint Research and Development Group”, ityale imali 72 I VLSI Consortium yasekwa notyalo-mali lwe 72 billion yen ukuphanda ngokudibeneyo microfabrication. itekhnoloji yeesekethe ezidibeneyo.

Ngo-1981, imfazwe yokwenene phakathi kwe-US ne-Japan yaqala.I-chip ye-3200 eyasungulwa yiPanasonic yaba yihashe elimnyama kwindawo yokugcina, kunye nexabiso eliphantsi kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu kune-Intel 8087 chip, kwaye ngokukhawuleza yathatha imarike yase-US.Ishishini lenkumbulo yaseJapan elinobundlongondlongo libangele ukuba ixabiso leememori ze-Intel lehle ukusuka kwi-US $28 ukuya kwi-6 yeedola zase-US kwisithuba sonyaka, kwaye isabelo sayo semarike sehla saya kutsho ngaphantsi kwe-20%.Ngo-1984 wabona ukuwohloka kwentsebenzo ye-Intel.

Ngo-1985, u-Andy Grove wagqiba ekubeni alahle ii-memory chips, etshintsha ugxininiso lweshishini le-Intel ukusuka kwi-memory chips ukuya kwi-CPU computing chips.Oku yayikukurhoxa okokuqala kwe-Intel kwimarike yokugcina, kwaye yayisisigqibo esakhokelela kulawulo olulandelayo lwe-Intel kwimakethi ye-microprocessor yehlabathi.

I-Intel yayisele isungule i-microprocessor yokuqala yehlabathi, i-4004, ngo-1971;i-8080, eyanconywa ziingcali njengenye yezona microprocessors eziphumelele kakhulu kwixesha lonke, ngo-1974;i-architecture ye-x86, eyaziwa ngoku, yenza i-debut yayo kwiprosesa ye-8086 ngo-1978;kunye ne-8088, eyazisa kwixesha le-microcomputer, ngo-1979. Iprosesa ye-8088, eyazisa kwixesha le-microcomputers, yaziswa ngo-1979. Isiseko se-Intel ngelo xesha, kunye ne-microprocessors kuphela ecaleni.

Emva kokuthatha isigqibo sokutshintshela kwishishini layo ngo-1985, i-Intel yasungula uthotho lweeprosesa zakudala ezifana ne-80386, 80486, kunye nePentium (Pentium), apho i-80386 yayiyeyokuqala i-32-bit microprocessor kunye ne-Pentium processor yenye yezona zinto zihamba phambili. itekhnoloji ebalulekileyo yee-1990s.Ngokubambisana ne-Microsoft, i-Intel yaphela i-monopoly yenkosi yangaphambili, i-IBM, kwaye yaba ngukumkani omtsha wehlabathi le-PC, kwaye namhlanje akukho mntu kushishino lwe-PC oye wakwazi ukwaphula imodeli ye-Windows kunye ne-Intel Wintel.

Le yokugqibela yenzeka njengoko sonke siyayazi, njengoko ishishini lekhompyuter lobuqu, elimelwe yiPC, lihluma kwaye laba yimpumelelo enkulu, ishishini le-Intel le-microprocessor lakwazi ukukhupha isantya kwaye i-Intel yakhula ukusuka kumenzi wememori ukuya kwi-chip hegemon.Ngekota yesithathu ka-2002, isabelo se-Intel semarike ye-microprocessor yehlabathi yayingama-85.9 ekhulwini.