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I-Diodes zizinto ze-electronic-terminal eziphindwe kabini eziqhuba ngoku ngokukodwa kwicala elinye (i-asymmetric conductance);Inokumelana okuphantsi kwicala elinye (ngokufanelekileyo i-zero) kunye nokuchasana okuphezulu kwelinye icala (ngokungenasiphelo).Ityhubhu ye-diode vacuum okanye i-thermoelectron diode yityhubhu ye-vacuum ene-electrode ezimbini, i-cathode evuthayo kunye nepleyiti apho i-electron inokuhamba ukusuka kwi-cathode ukuya kwi-plate kwicala elinye kuphela.I-semiconductor diode, uhlobo olusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo namhlanje, luyi-crystalline semiconductor material kunye ne-pn junction exhunywe kwii-terminals ezimbini zombane.

Umsebenzi oqhelekileyo we-diode kukuvumela ukuba i-current idlule kwicala elinye (elibizwa ngokuba yi-direct direction ye-diode), ngelixa liyivimba kwelinye icala (i-reverse).Ngale ndlela, i-diode inokujongwa njengenguqu ye-elektroniki yevalve yokubuyisela.Le ndlela yokuziphatha yendlela enye ibizwa ngokuba yi-rectification kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuguqula i-alternating current (ac) ukuya ngqo ngoku (dc).Izinto ezihlaziyiweyo, ngendlela yeediode, zinokusetyenziselwa imisebenzi efana nokukhupha uhlengahlengiso kwimiqondiso yerediyo kumamkeli werediyo.

Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeempawu ezingabonakaliyo zangoku ze-voltage ye-diode, ukuziphatha kwayo kunokuba nzima ngakumbi kunokutshintsha isenzo esilula.I-semiconductor diode iqhuba umbane kuphela xa kukho i-voltage ye-threshold okanye i-voltage ye-input kwicala langaphambili (i-diode kuthiwa ikwimeko ebheke phambili).Ukuhla kwe-voltage kuzo zombini iziphelo zediode ebheke phambili iyahluka nje kancinci ngoku kwaye ngumsebenzi wobushushu.Esi siphumo sinokusetyenziswa njengenzwa yobushushu okanye i-voltage yereferensi.Ukongezelela, xa i-voltage ejikelezayo kwiziphelo zombini zediode ifikelela kwixabiso elibizwa ngokuba yi-voltage breakdown, ukuchasana okuphezulu kwe-diode ukuya kwi-reverse flow ngokukhawuleza kwehla kwi-resistance ephantsi.

Iimpawu zangoku ze-voltage ze-semiconductor diode zingenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokukhetha izinto ze-semiconductor kunye nokwazisa ukungcola kwe-doping kwizinto eziphathekayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa.Ezi ndlela zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iidiode ezikhethekileyo ezenza imisebenzi emininzi eyahlukeneyo.Ngokomzekelo, iidiode zisetyenziselwa ukulawula i-voltage (i-Zener diodes), ukukhusela iisekethe ezivela kwi-high-voltage surges (i-avalanche diodes), i-electronic tune radio kunye nabamkeli bethelevishini (varator diodes) ukuvelisa i-RF oscillations (itonela diode), i-Gunn diodes, i-IMPATT diodes. , kwaye uvelise ukukhanya (ii-diode ezikhupha ukukhanya).I-tunnel diodes, i-Gunn diodes, kunye ne-IMPATT diode zinokuchasana okungalunganga, okuluncedo kwi-microwave kunye nokutshintsha iisekethe.

Zombini i-vacuum diode kunye ne-semiconductor diode zingasetyenziswa njenge-scatter generator ingxolo.