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1.Ukusetyenziswa okuphambili kweemveliso zesilicon

Kwishishini le-semiconductor, izinto ze-silicon zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni i-diodes / transistors, iisekethe ezidibeneyo, i-rectifiers, i-thyristors, njl. , njl.iisekethe ezihlanganisiweyo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiikhompyuter ezahlukeneyo, unxibelelwano, usasazo, ulawulo oluzenzekelayo, ii-stopwatches ze-elektroniki, izixhobo kunye neemitha, njl.izilungisi zisetyenziswa ikakhulu ukulungisa;i-thyristors isetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-Rectifiers zisetyenziselwa ukulungiswa, ukuhanjiswa kwe-DC, kunye nokusabalalisa, ii-locomotives zombane, izixhobo zokuzilawula, ii-oscillators eziphezulu, njl.;ii-ray detectors zisetyenziselwa uhlalutyo lwamandla e-atom, ukufumanisa ukukhanya kwe-quantum;iiseli zelanga zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwintsimi yokuvelisa amandla elanga.

2.Ngaba kukho into ye-chip yexesha elizayo enokungena endaweni yesilicon?

I-Silicon yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-semiconductor imathiriyeli namhlanje, kodwa ukuvela kwegraphene, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "king of new materials", kukhokelele kwiingcali ezininzi ukuba ziqikelele ukuba igraphene inokuba yeyona ndlela igqwesileyo ye-silicon, kodwa iya kuxhomekeka kakhulu kwishishini layo. uphuhliso.

Kutheni igraphene ithandwa?Ngaphandle kweepropati zayo ze-semiconductor, ezingekho ngaphantsi kwezo ze-silicon, nazo zineenzuzo ezininzi ezingenayo i-silicon.Njengoko umda wokusetyenzwa kwesilicon uthathwa njengobubanzi bomgca we-10nm, ngamanye amazwi, okukhona inkqubo ingaphantsi kwe-10nm, kokukhona imveliso yesilicon iya kuzinza ngakumbi kwaye inkqubo iya kuba nzima ngakumbi.Ukufezekisa amanqanaba aphezulu okudibanisa kunye nokusebenza, izinto ezintsha ze-semiconductor kufuneka zicutshungulwe, kwaye igraphene yenzeka ukuba ibe lukhetho oluhle.Izazinzulu ziye zaqaphela isiphumo seHolo ye-quantum kwigraphene kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, kwaye izinto eziphathekayo aziphindi zibuyele umva xa zidibana nokungcola, zibonisa ukuba inombane onamandla.Ukongeza, igraphene ibonakala iphantse yabonakala, kwaye iipropathi zayo zokukhanya azigqwesanga nje kuphela kodwa zikwatshintsha nobukhulu begraphene.Ngoko ke le propati ithathwa njengento efanelekileyo kwizicelo kwi-optoelectronics.

Mhlawumbi isizathu sokunyuka kwegraphene kuxhomekeke kwesinye isazisi sayo: i-carbon nanomaterials.Ii-nanotubes zekhabhoni azinamthungo, iityhubhu ezingenanto zenziwe ngamashiti egraphene aqengqeleke emzimbeni onombane osebenza kakuhle kakhulu kunye neendonga ezibhityileyo kakhulu.Ithiyori, i-carbon nanotube chip incinci kune-silicon chip kwinqanaba elifanayo lokudibanisa;Ukongeza, i-carbon nanotubes ngokwayo ivelisa ukushisa okuncinci kakhulu, okudityaniswe ne-thermal conductivity enhle, kunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla;kwaye ngokweendleko zokufumana i-carbon element, akunzima ukufumana izinto zekhabhoni, ngenxa yokusabalalisa ngokubanzi kunye nomxholo omkhulu ngokulinganayo emhlabeni.

Ewe, igraphene ngoku sele isetyenzisiwe kwizikrini, iibhetri, kunye nezixhobo ezinxitywayo, kwaye izazinzulu zenze inkqubela phambili enkulu kule ndawo yophando, kodwa ngokubanzi, ukuba igraphene ithatha indawo yesilicon ngokwenyani kwaye ibe yeyona nto iphambili kwiitshiphusi, umzamo ongaphezulu uya kufuneka kwinkqubo yokuvelisa kunye neteknoloji yezixhobo ezixhasayo.