Kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, imakethi ye-semiconductor iye yafumana ixesha le-boom elingazange libonwe ngaphambili, kodwa ukusuka kwisiqingatha sesibini salo nyaka, imfuno iguqukele kwindlela ehlayo kwaye yajongana nexesha lokuma.Ayisiyiyo inkumbulo kuphela, kodwa kunye neziseko ze-wafer kunye neenkampani zoyilo lwe-semiconductor ziye zabethwa liza elibandayo, kwaye imakethi ye-semiconductor ino "kubuyisela umva ukukhula" kulo nyaka uzayo.Kulo mba, iinkampani zokuvelisa i-semiconductor ziye zaqala ukunciphisa utyalo-mali kumaziko kunye nokuqinisa amabhande abo;Qala ukuyiphepha intlekele.
1. Ukuthengiswa kwe-semiconductor yehlabathi jikelele ukukhula okungalunganga kwe-4.1% kunyaka ozayo
Kulo nyaka, imakethi ye-semiconductor itshintshe ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwi-boom ukuya kwi-bust kwaye ihamba ngexesha lotshintsho olunamandla kunangaphambili.
Ukusukela ngo-2020, iimarike ye-semiconductor, eye yanandipha ukuchuma ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwekhonkco lokubonelela kunye nezinye izizathu, ingene kwixesha elibandayo elibandayo kwisiqingatha sesibini salo nyaka.Ngokutsho kwe-SIA, intengiso ye-semiconductor yehlabathi ibingama-47 eebhiliyoni zeedola ngoSeptemba, phantsi kwe-3% ukusuka kwinyanga enye kunyaka ophelileyo.Oku kukwehla kwentengiso yokuqala kwiminyaka emibini kunye neenyanga ezisibhozo ukusukela ngoJanuwari 2020.
Ngale nto njengesiqalo, kulindeleke ukuba ukuthengiswa kweemarike ze-semiconductor yehlabathi kuya kukhula kakhulu kulo nyaka kwaye kubuyisele umva ukukhula kunyaka ozayo.Ekupheleni kukaNovemba kulo nyaka, i-WSTS ibhengeze ukuba imarike ye-semiconductor yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba ikhule nge-4.4% xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ophelileyo, ifikelele kwi-580.1 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika.Oku kuchasene kakhulu nokwanda kwe-26.2% kunyaka ophelileyo kwintengiso ye-semiconductor.
Ukuthengiswa kwe-semiconductor yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba ibe malunga ne-$ 556.5 yezigidigidi kunyaka ozayo, phantsi kweepesenti ze-4.1 ukusuka kulo nyaka.Ngo-Agasti kuphela, i-WSTS iqikelele ukuba ukuthengiswa kweemarike ze-semiconductor kuya kukhula nge-4.6% kunyaka ozayo, kodwa kubuyele kwizibikezelo ezimbi kwiinyanga ze-3.
Ukuncipha kwentengiso ye-semiconductor kubangelwe kukwehla kokuthunyelwa kwezixhobo zasekhaya, iiTV, ii-smartphones, iikhompyuter ze-notebook, kunye nezinye iimveliso ezincedisayo, ebeziyimfuno enkulu kwicala.Ngexesha elifanayo, ngenxa yeUkunyuka kwamaxabiso ehlabathi, ubhubhani omtsha wesithsaba, imfazwe yaseRashiya-i-Ukrainian, ukunyuka kwezinga lenzala kunye nezinye izizathu, umnqweno wabathengi wokuthenga uyancipha, kwaye imarike yabathengi ifumana ixesha lokumisa.
Ngokukodwa, ukuthengiswa kwee-semiconductors zememori kwawa kakhulu.Ukuthengiswa kweememori kuhla ngeepesenti ze-12.6 kulo nyaka ukusuka kunyaka odlulileyo ukuya kwi-134.4 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba kuhla ngakumbi malunga neepesenti ze-17 kunyaka ozayo.
I-Micron Technology, ehamba kwindawo yesithathu kwisabelo se-DARM, ibhengeze ngomhla we-22 ukuba kwikota yokuqala (ngoSeptemba-Novemba ka-2022) isibhengezo seziphumo, ilahleko yokusebenza ifikelele kwi-290 yezigidi zeedola zaseMelika.Inkampani iqikelela ilahleko enkulu ngakumbi kwikota yesibini yemali ka-2023 kude kube nguFebruwari kulo nyaka uzayo.
Ezinye iinkumbulo ezimbini ezinkulu, i-Samsung Electronics kunye ne-SK Hannix, kunokwenzeka ukuba yehle kwikota yesine.Kutshanje, imboni yokhuseleko yaqikelela ukuba i-SK Hynix, enokuxhomekeka okuphezulu kwimemori, iya kuqhuba intsilelo engaphezulu kwe-800 yezigidi zeedola kwikota yesine yalo nyaka.
Ukujonga kwimeko yemarike yememori yangoku, ixabiso langempela libuye lihle kakhulu.Ngokwe-arhente, ixabiso lentengiselwano esisigxina ye-DRAM kwikota yesithathu yehle malunga ne-10% ukuya kwi-15% xa kuthelekiswa nekota yangaphambili.Ngenxa yoko, intengiso ye-DRAM yehlabathi yehle yaya kutsho kwi-18,187 yezigidi zeedola kwikota yesithathu, yehle nge-28.9% ukusuka kwiikota ezimbini ezidlulileyo.Oku kokona kwehla kukhulu ukusukela kwintlekele yezemali yehlabathi ka-2008.
Imemori ye-flash ye-NAND nayo yagqithiswa kakhulu, kunye nexabiso le-avareji yokuthengisa (i-ASP) kwikota yesithathu phantsi kwe-18.3% ukusuka kwikota yangaphambili, kunye nokuthengiswa kwe-NAND yehlabathi kwikota yesithathu yalo nyaka kwakuyi-$ 13,713.6 yezigidi, phantsi kwe-24.3% ukusuka kwikota yangaphambili.
Imarike yeFoundry nayo iye yaliphelisa ixesha le-100% yokusetyenziswa kwamandla.Yehla yaya kutsho ngaphezulu kwe-90% kwiikota ezintathu ezidlulileyo kwaye yaya kuthi ga kwi-80% emva kokungena kwikota yesine.I-TSMC, eyona ngxilimbela inkulu yehlabathi, ayinjalo.Ii-odolo zabathengi benkampani kwikota yesine behle ngama-40 ukuya kuma-50 ekhulwini ukusuka ekuqaleni konyaka.
Kuyaqondwa ukuba uluhlu lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ezinje ngee-smartphones, iiTV, iitafile, kunye neencwadana zePC zonyukile, kwaye uluhlu oluqokelelweyo lweenkampani ze-semiconductor kwikota yesithathu lunyuke ngaphezulu kwe-50% xa kuthelekiswa nekota yokuqala.
Abanye abantu kwishishini bakholelwa ukuba "kude kube kwisiqingatha sesibini sika-2023, ngokufika kwexesha eliphakamileyo lonyaka, imeko yeshishini le-semiconductor kulindeleke ukuba iphuculwe ngokupheleleyo."
2. Ukunciphisa utyalo-mali kunye namandla okuvelisa kuya kusombululaIngxaki yoluhlu lwe-IC
Emva kokuncipha kwemfuno ye-semiconductor kunye nokuqokelelwa kwe-inventri, ababoneleli abakhulu be-semiconductor baqala imisebenzi yokuqinisa ngokunciphisa imveliso kunye nokunciphisa utyalo-mali kumaziko.Ngokutsho komhlalutyi wemarike yangaphambili i-IC Insights, utyalo-mali lwezixhobo ze-semiconductor kwihlabathi kunyaka ozayo luya kuba ngu-19% ngaphantsi kulo nyaka, lufikelele kwi-146.6 yeebhiliyoni zeedola.
I-SK Hynix ithe kwisibhengezo seziphumo zekota yesithathu kwinyanga ephelileyo ukuba ithathe isigqibo sokunciphisa isikali sotyalo-mali ngaphezulu kwe-50% kulo nyaka uzayo xa kuthelekiswa nalo nyaka.IMicron ibhengeze ukuba kulo nyaka uzayo iza kunciphisa utyalo-mali oluyinkunzi ngaphezulu kwe-30% kwisicwangciso sokuqala kwaye inciphise inani labasebenzi nge-10%.I-Kioxia, ekwindawo yesithathu kwisabelo se-NAND, ikwathe imveliso ye-wafer iya kuncitshiswa malunga ne-30% ukusuka ku-Okthobha walo nyaka.
Ngokuchasene noko, i-Samsung Electronics, enesabelo esikhulu semakethe yememori, yathi ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nemfuno yexesha elide, ayiyi kunciphisa utyalo-mali lwe-semiconductor, kodwa iya kuqhubeka ngokwesicwangciso.Kodwa kutsha nje, xa kujongwa imeko ehlayo ngoku kuluhlu lwemveliso yememori kunye namaxabiso, i-Samsung Electronics inokulungelelanisa unikezelo kwangoko kwikota yokuqala yonyaka olandelayo.
I-system semiconductor kunye ne-Foundry industry nayo iya kunciphisa utyalo-mali oluluncedo.Ngomhla wama-27, i-Intel iphakamise isicwangciso sokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza nge-3 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zase-US kunyaka ozayo kunye nokunciphisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe-US $ 8 billion ukuya kwi-US $ 10 yezigidigidi ngo-2025 kwisibhengezo seziphumo zekota yesithathu.Utyalo-mali oluyinkunzi kulo nyaka lumalunga neepesenti ezisi-8 ngaphantsi kwesicwangciso sangoku.
I-TSMC ithe kwisibhengezo seziphumo zekota yesithathu ngo-Okthobha ukuba isikali sotyalo-mali lweziko kulo nyaka sicwangciswe ukuba sibe yi-40-44 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ekuqaleni konyaka, ukunciphisa ngaphezu kwe-10%.I-UMC ikwabhengeze ukucuthwa kotyalo-mali olucetyiweyo ukusuka kwi-3.6 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kulo nyaka.Ngenxa yokwehliswa kwamva nje kokusetyenziswa kwe-FAB kwishishini le-Foundry, ukuncitshiswa kotyalo-mali lwezibonelelo kunyaka ozayo kubonakala kungenakuphepheka.
UHewlett-Packard kunye noDell, abenzi beekhompyuter ezinkulu zehlabathi, balindele imfuno yeekhompyuter zabo ukuba yehle ngakumbi ngo-2023. UDell uxele ukuhla kweepesenti ezi-6 kwingeniso epheleleyo kwikota yesithathu, kubandakanywa ukuhla kwepesenti ezili-17 kwicandelo layo, elithengisa iilaptops kunye desktops kubathengi kunye nabathengi beshishini.
UMlawuli oyiNtloko we-HP u-Enrique Lores uthe uluhlu lwe-PC lunokuhlala luphezulu kwiikota ezimbini ezizayo.“Okwangoku, sine-inventri eninzi, ngakumbi i-PCS yabathengi, kwaye sisebenzela ukunciphisa olu luhlu,” utshilo u-Lores.
Isiphelo:Abenzi beetshiphu bamazwe ngamazwe babambelele kuqikelelo lweshishini labo lowama-2023 kwaye bakulungele ukuphumeza amanyathelo okuqulatha iindleko.Ngelixa imfuno ngokubanzi kulindeleke ukuba iphinde ibuyele kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka ozayo, uninzi lweenkampani ezinikezela ngeenkonzo aziqinisekanga ngeyona ndawo iqalwa ngayo kunye nobungakanani bokuchacha.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-09-2023