Ngo-Agasti ka-2022, iinkampani ezisibhozo zaseJapan, ezibandakanya iToyota, iSony, iKioxia, iNEC, kunye nezinye, zaseka iRapidus, iqela lesizwe laseJapan lesemiconductors yesizukulwana esilandelayo, ngenkxaso-mali ye-70 yeebhiliyoni zeeyen kurhulumente waseJapan.
"Rapidus" isiLatini esithetha "ukukhawuleza", Injongo yale nkampani kukuhamba kunye ne-TSMC kwaye ifezekise indawo yenkqubo ye-2nm kwi-2027.
Umsebenzi wokugqibela wokuvuselela ishishini le-semiconductor yaseJapan yinkampani yasekwa ngo-2002, iBillda, kunye ne-Samsung iminyaka eyi-10 emva kwedabi, yayiyi-South Koreans ibethwe yada yabhanga, intwana yokugqibela yayiyiMicron yapakishwa kude.
Ngobusuku bangaphambi kogqabhuko-dubulo lwaloo marike yetheminali ephathwayo, lonke ishishini laseJapan le-semiconductor lalikwidayiti enkulu.Njengoko ilizwi lihamba, ilizwe linelishwa kwiimbongi, kwaye ukuchithwa kwe-Elpida kuye kwaba yinto yokuhlafuna ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwilizwe lemizi-mveliso, kwaye uchungechunge lweencwadi ezibomvu ze-semiconductor ezimelwe yi "Lost Manufacturing" zazalwa ngenxa yoko.
Ngexesha elifanayo, amagosa aseJapan aququzelela izicwangciso ezininzi zokubamba kunye nokuvuselela, kodwa ngempumelelo encinci.
Emva kwe-2010, umjikelo omtsha wokukhula kwishishini le-semiconductor, iinkampani ze-chip zaseJapan ezazikade zinamandla ziphantse zingabikho ngokudibeneyo, inzuzo yentsimi yi-United States, iSouth Korea neTaiwan zonke zahluliwe.
Ngaphandle kwenkampani ye-memory chip Kioxia, esele ifakwe kwi-Bain Capital, amakhadi okugqibela aseleyo kwishishini le-chip yaseJapan yi-Sony kunye ne-Renesas Electronics.
Kule minyaka mithathu idlulileyo, ubhubhani wehlabathi obekwe phezulu ekucuthekeni kwemfuno yezinto zombane zabathengi bekufanele ukuba kube kukudodobala kweshishini le-chip.Ngo-2023, ishishini le-semiconductor yehlabathi lisaphuma kwicala elisezantsi lomjikelo, kodwa iJapan ikhokele yonke eminye imimandla ngoFebruwari, ikhokela ekuphumezeni ukuphinda kuthengiswe, kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba ibekuphela kommandla ongaphandle kweYurophu ukufezekisa ukukhula. kulo nyaka.
Mhlawumbi kukubuyela kwakhona kweenkampani zetshiphu zaseJapan, kudityaniswa nemfuno yokhuseleko lwekhonkco lokubonelela, ukuqhubela phambili ukuzalwa kwesicwangciso esikhulu sokuvuselela emva kwe-Elpida Rapidus, intsebenziswano yayo ne-IBM ikwajongwa "ukubuyela kweJapan kumzi-mveliso we-semiconductor wokugqibela. ithuba, kodwa kunye nethuba elihle."
Kwenzeke ntoni kwishishini le-elektroniki laseJapan ukusukela ngo-2012, xa iBillda yatshona?
Ukwakhiwa ngokutsha emva kweNtlekele
Ukubhanga kukaBillda ngo-2012 yaba sisiganeko esibalulekileyo, esihambelanayo nokuwa ngokupheleleyo kweshishini le-semiconductor yaseJapan, kunye nezigebenga ezintathu iPanasonic, iSony, kunye neSharp evelisa ilahleko yerekhodi, kunye noRenesas besiya kubhanga.Inyikima enkulu ebangelwe kukutshona kwezimali kwakhona yezisa iintlekele eziye zafika kushishino lwaseJapan:
Enye yazo kukwehla kohlobo lwe-terminal: i-Sharp's TV, i-air conditioner ka-Toshiba, umatshini wokuhlamba we-Panasonic kunye nefowuni ephathwayo ye-Sony, ii-giants ze-electronics zabathengi ziphantse zancipha ukuze zibe ngababoneleli beenxalenye.Eyona nto ibuhlungu yi-Sony, ikhamera, i-walkman, ifilimu ye-audio kunye nomabonwakude ezi nzuzo zeprojekthi, enye emva kwenye kwi-muzzle ye-iPhone.
Okwesibini kukuwa kwekhonkco loshishino oluphezulu: ukusuka kwiphaneli, imemori, ukuya kwimveliso ye-chip, inokulahlekelwa ngumlo kumaKorea alahlekileyo.Emva kokuba ebulewe chips inkumbulo Japanese, eshiya kuphela Toshiba flash isithombo, iziphumo inguqu kaToshiba isithintelo amandla enyukliya edityaniswe nefuthe ubuqhophololo zemali, flash memory ishishini igama Kioxia, iinyembezi wathengisa Bain Capital.
Ukubonakaliswa okuhlangeneyo kwezemfundo ngaxeshanye, igosa laseJapan kunye necandelo lezoshishino liqalise kwakhona uchungechunge lomsebenzi wokuvuselela emva kwentlekele, into yokuqala yokwakhiwa kwakhona ngumzalwana onzima kaBillda: Renesas Electronics.
Ngokufanayo ne-Billda, i-Renesas Electronics idibanise amashishini e-semiconductor ye-NEC, i-Hitachi, kunye ne-Mitsubishi ngaphezu kwe-DRAM, kwaye yagqiba umsebenzi wokudibanisa ngo-Epreli ka-2010, iqala njengenkampani yesine ngobukhulu emhlabeni.
EJapan uphoswe lixesha le-Intanethi lokuzisola, ukufumana iRenesas enzima yecandelo le-semiconductor yakwaNokia, iceba ukuyidibanisa nomgca wayo wemveliso yeprosesa, kuloliwe wokugqibela wamaza eefowuni ezihlakaniphile.
Kodwa iindleko zemali enzima yokwenza itikiti yilahleko yenyanga ye-2 yeebhiliyoni zeebhiliyoni, ukuya kwi-2011, ukuqhambuka kwengozi yesityalo sokuqala samandla enyukliya e-Fukushima, ebekwe kwindawo yokuvelisa i-gravity yezikhukula zaseThailand, ilahleko yeRenesas yafikelela kwi-62.6 yezigidigidi. yen, isiqingatha sonyawo kwi-bankruptcy kunye nokuvalwa.
Into yesibini yokwakha ngokutsha yayiyi-Sony, eyayikhe yathathwa yiMisebenzi njengemodeli yoshishino lombane.
Ukusilela kukaSony kunokwenziwa ukudelela izakhono zesoftware, yenye yeengxaki eziqhelekileyo kushishino lwe-elektroniki lwaseJapan.Zombini ibhrendi yeshishini elidibeneyo kunye ne-Ericsson kunye nee-smartphones zikaSony ziye zachazwa njengezona fowuni zinamava omsebenzisi ngezona zixhobo zibalaseleyo.
Kwi-2017, i-Xperia XZ2P, enesiqingatha sekhilo, isiphelo sale "hardware".
Ngo-2002, intsika Sony ishishini TV waqalisa ukugcina ilahleko, Walkman ngqo ekrwitshiweyo yi iPod, ilandelwa iikhamera yedijithali, phones smart omnye emva komnye wawela esibingelelweni.Ngo-2012, ilahleko ye-Sony yafikelela kwikhalenda ephezulu ye-456.6 yeebhiliyoni zeebhiliyoni, ixabiso lemarike le-125 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ukusuka kwincopho ye-2000 yancipha ukuya kwi-10 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, ukuthengiswa kwememe yesakhiwo nayo yazalwa apha.
Nangona zombini iinkampani zithwaxwa yizifo, ngo-2012, oku sele kusezantsi kwamakhadi ambalwa oshishino lwe-elektroniki lwaseJapan.
Ngo-Aprili 2012, uKazuo Hirai wathatha isikhundla njenge-CEO ye-Sony, kwaye ngenyanga efanayo wabhengeza inkqubo yokuhlanganiswa kweqela "One Sony".Ekupheleni konyaka, uRenesas wafumana inaliti yenkunzi ye-150 yeebhiliyoni zeeyen kwi-Industrial Innovation Corporation yaseJapan (INCJ), ingxowa-mali karhulumente, kunye nabathengi abakhulu abasibhozo, kubandakanya iToyota, iNissan, kunye neCanon, kwaye yabhengeza uhlengahlengiso. yeshishini layo.
Inyathelo leJapan le-semiconductor liphuma kwi-doldrums liqalile ngokungenakuthintelwa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-16-2023