Iichips ze-IC ze-JXSQ ezintsha kunye nezaQoqo ze-IC REG BUCK ADJ 3.5A 8SOPWR TPS54340DDAR izixhobo zombane

Kutheni le nto iitshiphusi (okanye ukwenziwa kwe-elektroniki) zisebenzisa i-semiconductors kunezikhonduki?

Ii-semiconductors ziye zaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwazo kukho konke.Ngaphandle kwe-semiconductors, akukho msakazo, akukho khompyutha, akukho mfonomfono, akukho TV, akukho matshini wokuhlamba, akukho midlalo yevidiyo, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo akukho printing ye-3D, ukuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo, amayeza ahlakaniphile, okanye i-photovoltaics.Uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwe-Intanethi yeZinto luye lwenze ukuba ii-semiconductors zisebenze ngakumbi.

Ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kwitekhnoloji ye-vacuum ye-vacuum (iityhubhu ze-vacuum, ezikwabizwa ngokuba ziityhubhu ze-electron, zathatyathelwa indawo yi-semiconductors ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu, ukungahlali ixesha elide, ubungakanani, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle okuphantsi, kunye ne-electrodes kunye ne-filaments ngaphakathi kwe-conductive), izixhobo ezininzi ze-elektroniki zazikho. yenziwe.Ukujonga emva kweentsuku zetyhubhu ye-vacuum, oomabonwakude, iigramafoni, kunye noonomathotholo zonke zinemijikelezo yetyhubhu ye-vacuum efuna imizuzu emininzi yokufudumala rhoqo xa zixhotyiswa kwaye zazingazinzanga kakhulu.Kwiminyaka engama-60 edlulileyo, itekhnoloji ye-semiconductor ivumele izixhobo ukuba zikhawuleze, zibe zincinci, kwaye zizinze ngakumbi.

Kutheni ke usebenzisa i-semiconductors ukwenza ezi zixhobo zombane, endaweni yee-conductor?

Yintoni i-semiconductors?I-semiconductor yinto eqhuba umbane phakathi komqhubi (ngokuqhelekileyo isinyithi) kunye ne-insulator (ininzi i-ceramic).I-semiconductors ingaba yizinto ezicocekileyo (i-silicon okanye i-germanium) okanye i-compounds (i-gallium arsenide okanye i-cadmium selenide).Kwinkqubo ye-doping, iincinci ezincinci zokungcola zongezwa kwi-semiconductor ecocekileyo, okubangelwa utshintsho oluphawulekayo kwi-conductivity yombane yezinto.

Uninzi lwezixhobo zombane zenziwa ngokusekelwe kwiitransistors, ezithi zona zenze imisebenzi efana nokukhulisa, i-oscillators, kunye ne-arithmetic, zonke ezenziwa zii-semiconductors.

Ke kutheni i-semiconductors kwaye hayi abaqhubi?

Ngenxa yokuba i-semiconductors inoluhlu olubanzi lwee-conductivity, abaqhubi banokuqhuba okuphezulu kakhulu, okungasoloko kufunwa kubomi bemihla ngemihla.Ngama-semiconductors kunye ne-doping efanelekileyo, i-conductivity ingatshintshwa ngokweemfuno.Ngelo xesha, akunakwenzeka ukuba abaqhubi be-dope, ubume obungalawulekiyo bokwenza ukuba kube nzima ukufezekisa oko kufunekayo (cinga ukuba abaqhubi banenani elikhulu labathwali bentlawulo kunye ne-doping inesiphumo esincinci).

Ukucinga ukuba amanqaku A kunye no-B kwisekethe axhunywe ngumqhubi, kuya kubakho i-voltage phakathi kwabo kwaye i-current iya kuhamba phakathi kwamanqaku amabini;akukho ndlela yokulawula ukuhamba kwangoku apha.Ngokwahlukileyo, ukuba iingongoma A kunye ne-B zixhunywe yi-insulator, i-current ayiyi kuhamba kwaye akukho nto incinci enokuyenza ukuvumela ukuhamba kwangoku (ngaphandle kokuba i-voltage inyuswe kwinqanaba elingenakucingelwa).

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-transistor isetyenziswe phakathi kwamanqaku A kunye no-B, inika indlela enamandla yokulawula okwangoku.I-transistor ihlala phakathi kwamanqaku A kunye no-B, yongeza inqaku elitsha C ukwenzela ukuba ukusebenzisa i-voltage ye-voltage phakathi kwamanqaku C kunye ne-B kuya kubangela ukuba umbane uqalise ukuhamba phakathi kwe-A kunye ne-B. ) kunye nemisinga ephantsi (ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi).Akunakwenzeka ukuba kusetyenziswe abaqhubi kuphela okanye i-insulators.Ngenxa yokuba abaqhubi baya kuhlala beqhuba, i-insulators ayinakuze iqhube kwaye i-semiconductors kuphela iphumelele ukuvula nokuvalwa.

Ngaphandle kokuqwalasela abadlali abagqithisileyo (abanye banokuthi bathathe intshontsho lengwe), abantu abaninzi bangakhetha ikati.Kubadlali abagqithisileyo, ungakhetha ingwe enkulu?Isizathu esicacileyo sesi: ayilawuleki kwaye inoburhalarhume.Ifana kakhulu ne-conductor kunye ne-semiconductor.

Ingwe = umqhubi (akukho lawulo kwi-conductivity)

Ikati = i-semiconductor (i-conductivity inokulawulwa nge-doping)

Ihlabathi lenzululwazi lingqongqo kwaye nabuphi na ubuchwephesha obungalawulekiyo abuyi kuhlala.