Iimpawu zeMveliso

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Ulwahlulo lokusiNgqongileyo nokuThunyela ngaphandle

MAX™ CPLD Series

I-Altera MAX™ isixhobo esicwangcisiweyo esinocwangco (CPLD) Uthotho lubonelela ngamandla aphantsi, awona maxabiso aphantsi eCPLDs.Usapho lwe-MAX V CPLD, olona sapho lulutsha kuthotho lwe-CPLD, luzisa elona xabiso lilungileyo lentengiso.Ibandakanya ulwakhiwo olukhethekileyo, olungaguquguqukiyo kunye nenye yee-CPLDs ezinkulu zoxinaniso lweshishini, izixhobo ze-MAX V zibonelela ngezinto ezintsha ezinamandla kumandla asezantsi xa kuthelekiswa nee-CPLDs ezikhuphisanayo.Intsapho ye-MAX II CPLD, esekelwe kwi-architecture efanayo, inika amandla aphantsi kunye nexabiso eliphantsi nge-pin ye-I / O.I-MAX II CPLDs i-instant-on-on-on-on-on-on-on-on-on-on-volative device ezijolise kwinjongo-jikelele, i-logic ephantsi yoxinaniso kunye nezicelo eziphathekayo, ezifana noyilo lwe-handset yeselula.Amandla e-Zero MAX IIZ CPLDs anikezela okufanayo okungenakuguquguquka, ngokukhawuleza-kwinzuzo efunyenwe kwintsapho ye-MAX II CPLD kwaye iyasebenza kuluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi.Yenziwe kwinkqubo ye-CMOS ye-0.30-µm ephambili, usapho lwe-EEPROM olusekwe kwi-MAX 3000A CPLD lubonelela ngesakhono esikhawulezileyo kwaye lunikezela ngoxinaniso ukusuka kwi-32 ukuya kwi-512 macrocell.

Ii-MAX® V CPLDs

I-Altera MAX® V CPLDs inikezela ngexabiso elifanelekileyo leshishini kwixabiso eliphantsi, i-CPLDs yamandla aphantsi, inikezela ngeempawu ezintsha ezinamandla ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50% amandla aphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nee-CPLD ezikhuphisanayo.I-Altera MAX V ikwabonisa ulwakhiwo olukhethekileyo, olungaguquguqukiyo kunye nelona shishini likhulu loxinaniso lwe-CPLDs.Ukongeza, i-MAX V idibanisa imisebenzi emininzi eyayingaphandle ngaphambili, njenge-flash, i-RAM, i-oscillators, kunye ne-loops evaliweyo yesigaba, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi, ihambisa i-I / Os eninzi kunye nengqiqo ngeenyawo kwixabiso elifanayo njenge-CPLDs ekhuphisanayo. .I-MAX V isebenzisa iteknoloji yokupakisha eluhlaza, kunye neepakethi ezincinci njenge-20 mm2.I-MAX V CPLDs ixhaswa yi-Quartus II® Software v.10.1, evumela ukuphuculwa kwemveliso okubangelwa ukulinganisa okukhawulezayo, ukuzisa ngokukhawuleza kwebhodi, kunye nokuvalwa kwexesha ngokukhawuleza.

Yintoni i-CPLD (Isixhobo esiQinisekisiweyo esiLungiselelwayo) 

Itekhnoloji yolwazi, i-intanethi, kunye neetshiphusi zombane zisebenza njengesiseko sexesha langoku ledijithali.Phantse zonke iitekhnoloji zanamhlanje zixhomekeke kwizinto zombane, ukusuka kwi-intanethi kunye nonxibelelwano lweselula ukuya kwiikhompyuter kunye neeseva.I-Electronics yintsimi enkulu eneamasetyana amaninzi.Eli nqaku liza kukufundisa malunga nesixhobo sombane esifunekayo sedijithali esaziwa ngokuba yi-CPLD (IsiXhobo esiCwangcisiweyo esiCwangcisiweyo esiCwangcisiweyo).

Ukuzivelela kweDigital Electronics

Electronicsyinkalo entsonkothileyo enamawaka ezixhobo zombane kunye namalungu akhoyo.Nangona kunjalo, xa sithetha ngokubanzi, izixhobo zombane zikundidi ezimbini eziphambili:i-analog kunye nedijithali.

Ngeentsuku zokuqala zetekhnoloji ye-elektroniki, iisekethe zazifana, njengesandi, ukukhanya, i-voltage kunye nombane.Nangona kunjalo, iinjineli ze-elektroniki zakhawuleza zafumanisa ukuba iisekethe ze-analog zintsonkothe ​​kakhulu ukuyila kwaye ziyabiza.Imfuno yokusebenza ngokukhawuleza kunye namaxesha okutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kukhokelele kuphuhliso lwe-elektroniki yedijithali.Namhlanje phantse zonke izixhobo zekhompyutha ezikhoyo zibandakanya ii-ICs zedijithali kunye neeprosesa.Kwihlabathi le-elektroniki, iinkqubo zedijithali ngoku zithathe indawo yombane we-analog ngenxa yexabiso eliphantsi, ingxolo ephantsi, ngcono.uphawu lwemfezeko, ukusebenza okuphezulu, kunye nobunzima obuphantsi.

Ngokungafaniyo nenani elingapheliyo lamanqanaba edatha kwisignali ye-analog, isignali yedijithali iquka kuphela amanqanaba amabini okuqiqa (1 kunye no-0).

Iindidi zeDigital Electronic Devices

Izixhobo zombane zedijithali zakuqala bezilula kwaye ziqulathe kuphela iqaqobana lamasango okuqiqa.Nangona kunjalo, ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukuntsonkotha kweesekethe zedijithali kwanda ngoko, ukucwangciswa kwenkqubo kwaba yinto ebalulekileyo yezixhobo zolawulo lwedijithali zanamhlanje.Iiklasi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zedijithali ziye zavela ukubonelela ngeprogrammability.Iklasi yokuqala yayibandakanya uyilo lwehardware esisigxina kunye nesoftware enokuphinda ihlelwe.Imizekelo yezixhobo ezinjalo ziquka i-microcontrollers kunye ne-microprocessors.Udidi lwesibini lwezixhobo zedijithali lubonise ihardware enokuphinda iqwalaselwe ukuze kuphunyezwe uyilo lwesekethe eguquguqukayo.Imizekelo yezixhobo ezinjalo ibandakanya iiFPGA, SPLDs, kunye neeCPLDs.

I-microcontroller chip ine-fixed digital logic circuit engenakuguqulwa.Nangona kunjalo, ukucwangciswa kwenkqubo kuphunyezwa ngokutshintsha isoftware/i-firmware esebenza kwi-microcontroller chip.Ngokuchasene noko, i-PLD (isixhobo se-logic esicwangcisiweyo) sineeseli ezininzi ze-logic ezinokuthi uqhagamshelo luqwalaselwe ngokusebenzisa i-HDL (ulwimi lwenkcazo ye-hardware).Ke ngoko, iisekethe ezininzi ezinengqondo zinokuqondwa kusetyenziswa i-PLD.Ngenxa yoku, ukusebenza kunye nesantya se-PLDs ngokuqhelekileyo ziphezulu kunezo ze-microcontrollers kunye ne-microprocessors.Ii-PLD zikwabonelela abaqulunqi beesekethe ngezinga elikhulu lenkululeko kunye nokuguquguquka.

Iisekethe ezidityanisiweyo ezenzelwe ulawulo lwedijithali kunye nokusetyenzwa komqondiso ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka iprosesa, isekethe yengqiqo, kunye nememori.Nganye kwezi modyuli zinokuqondwa ngokusebenzisa itekhnoloji ezahlukeneyo.

Intshayelelo kwi-CPLD

Njengoko kuxoxiwe ngaphambili, iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ze-PLDs (izixhobo ezicwangcisiweyo zokucwangcisa) zikhona, njengeFPGA, CPLD, kunye neSPLD.Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwezi zixhobo ulele kubunzima besekethe kunye nenani leeseli ezinengqondo ezikhoyo.I-SPLD ihlala inamasango angamakhulu ambalwa, ngelixa i-CPLD ibandakanya amawaka ambalwa amasango engqiqo.

Ngokuphathelele ubunzima, i-CPLD (isixhobo esinocwangco esintsonkothileyo) ilele phakathi kwe-SPLD (isixhobo esinocwangco esilula) kunye ne-FPGA kwaye ngaloo ndlela, sizuza ilifa iimpawu kuzo zombini ezi zixhobo.Ii-CPLD zinzima ngakumbi kune-SPLDs kodwa zincinci kune-FPGAs.

Ezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu ii-SPLD zibandakanya i-PAL (i-programmable array logic), i-PLA (i-programmable logic array), kunye ne-GAL (i-generic array logic).I-PLA ibandakanya enye KUNYE nenqwelomoya kunye nenye OKANYE inqwelomoya.Inkqubo yenkcazo yehardware ichaza ukudityaniswa kwezi nqwelomoya.

I-PAL iyafana ne-PLA nangona kunjalo, inye kuphela inqwelomoya ecwangcisekileyo endaweni yezimbini (KUNYE nenqwelomoya).Ngokulungisa indiza enye, ubunzima be-hardware buyancipha.Nangona kunjalo, le nzuzo ifunyenwe ngexabiso lokuguquguquka.

CPLD Architecture

I-CPLD inokuthathwa njengenguquko ye-PAL kwaye iqulethe izakhiwo ezininzi ze-PAL ezaziwa ngokuba zii-macrocell.Kwiphakheji ye-CPLD, zonke izikhonkwane zokufaka ziyafumaneka kwi-macrocell nganye, ngelixa i-macrocell nganye inepini yokuphuma ezinikeleyo.

Ukusuka kumzobo webhloko, sinokubona ukuba i-CPLD iqukethe ii-macrocell ezininzi okanye iibhloko zomsebenzi.Ii-macrocell ziqhagamshelwe ngonxibelelwano olucwangcisekileyo, olukwabizwa ngokuba yi-GIM (global interconnection matrix).Ngokuphinda uqwalasele i-GIM, iisekethe zengqiqo ezahlukeneyo zinokufezekiswa.Ii-CPLDs zisebenzisana nehlabathi langaphandle zisebenzisa ii-I/Os zedijithali.

Umahluko phakathi kwe-CPLD kunye ne-FPGA

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ii-FPGAs ziye zaziwa kakhulu kuyilo lweenkqubo zedijithali ezicwangcisiweyo.Kukho izinto ezininzi ezifanayo kunye nomahluko phakathi kwe-CPLD kunye ne-FPGA.Ngokuphathelele ukufana, zombini zizixhobo ezicwangcisiweyo eziqulathe uluhlu lwamasango okuqiqa.Zombini izixhobo zicwangciswe kusetyenziswa iiHDL ezifana neVerilog HDL okanye iVHDL.

Umahluko wokuqala phakathi kwe-CPLD kunye ne-FPGA ilele kwinani lamasango.I-CPLD iqulethe amawaka ambalwa amasango e-logic, ngelixa inani lamasango kwi-FPGA linokufikelela kwizigidi.Ke ngoko, iisekethe ezintsonkothileyo kunye neenkqubo zinokuphunyezwa kusetyenziswa iiFPGAs.Icala eliphantsi kobu bunzima lixabiso eliphezulu.Ke ngoko, ii-CPLDs zifaneleke ngakumbi kwizicelo ezingantsonkothanga kakhulu.

Omnye umahluko ophambili phakathi kwezi zixhobo zimbini kukuba ii-CPLDs zibandakanya i-EEPROM eyakhelweyo engaguquguqukiyo (inkumbulo yofikelelo olunombane olucima ngombane), kanti ii-FPGAs zibonisa inkumbulo eguquguqukayo.Ngenxa yoku, i-CPLD inokugcina imixholo yayo naxa icinyiwe, ngelixa i-FPGA ayikwazi ukugcina umxholo wayo.Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa yememori eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi engaguqukiyo, i-CPLD inokuqalisa ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza emva kokunyusa amandla.Uninzi lweeFPGA, kwelinye icala, zifuna umsinga osuka kwimemori yangaphandle engaguquguqukiyo ukuqalisa.

Ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni, ii-FPGAs zinokulibaziseka kokulungiswa komqondiso ongalindelekanga ngenxa yolwakhiwo oluntsonkothileyo oludityaniswe nenkqubo yesiko lomsebenzisi.Kwii-CPLDs, ukulibaziseka kwe-pin-to-pin kuncinci kakhulu ngenxa yolwakhiwo olulula.Ukulibaziseka kokulungiswa komqondiso kuyingqwalasela ebalulekileyo ekuyilweni kokhuseleko-olubalulekileyo kunye nezicelo ezifakwe ngexesha langempela.

Ngenxa yokusebenza okuhamba rhoqo kunye nokusebenza okuntsokothileyo okunengqondo, ezinye ii-FPGA zinokusebenzisa amandla amaninzi kunee-CPLD.Ngaloo ndlela, ulawulo lwe-thermal luyingqwalasela ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezisekelwe kwi-FPGA.Ngenxa yesi sizathu, iinkqubo ezisekwe kwiFPGA zihlala zisebenzisa iisinki zobushushu kunye neefeni zokupholisa kwaye zifuna amandla amakhulu, anzima ngakumbi kunye nothungelwano lokuhambisa.

Ukusuka kwimbono yokhuseleko lolwazi, ii-CPLD zikhuselekile ngakumbi njengoko imemori yakhiwe kwi-chip ngokwayo.Ngokuchasene noko, uninzi lwe-FPGAs lufuna imemori yangaphandle engaguquguqukiyo, enokuba sisongelo sokhuseleko lwedatha.Nangona ii-algorithms zofihlo lwedatha zikwiFPGAs, ii-CPLD zikhuselekile ngokwendalo xa zithelekiswa neeFPGA.

Usetyenziso lwe-CPLD

Ii-CPLDs zifumana isicelo sazo kwizinto ezininzi eziphantsi-kuphakathi kokulawulwa kwedijithali kunye neesekethe zokucwangcisa iimpawu.Ezinye zezicelo ezibalulekileyo ziquka:

1. Ii-CPLDs zingasetyenziswa njengezilayishi ze-FPGAs kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezicwangcisekileyo.
2. Ii-CPLDs zihlala zisetyenziswa njenge-decoder zedilesi kunye noomatshini bobume besiqhelo kwiinkqubo zedijithali.
3. Ngenxa yobukhulu babo obuncinci kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, ii-CPLD zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwi-portable kunyeephathwa ngesandlaizixhobo zedijithali.
4. Ii-CPLDs zikwasetyenziswa kwizicelo zokulawula ezikhuselekileyo.